PD是一种神经退行性疾病,病理表现为中脑黑质致密部(Pars CompactaPD是一种神经退行性疾病,病理表现为中脑黑质致密部(Pars Compacta of Ssubstantia Nigra)多巴胺能神经元的丢失和路易小体(Lewy body)的形成。主要生化改变为纹状体区多巴胺递质降低。其特征是黑质致密部(SNpc)多巴胺能神经元早期变性死亡,细胞内广泛存在α-突触核蛋白(α-Syn)聚集。基底节多巴胺缺乏,导致PD典型的运动症状,即运动迟缓、震颤、强直和后来的姿势不稳。 [1] GBD 2016 Parkinson′s Disease Collaborators. Global, regional, and national burden of Parkinson′s disease, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016[J]. Lancet Neurol, 2018, 17(11): 939-953.[2] Zhang ZX,Roman GC,Hong Z,et a1.Parkinson’S disease in China:prevalence in Beijing,Xian,and Shanghai[J].Lancet,2005,365(9459):595-597. [3] SCHRAG A,SCHOTT J M. Epidemiological,clinical, and genetic characteristics of early-onset Parkinsonsism[J]. Lancet Neurol,2006,5:355-363. DOI:10.1016/S1474-4422(06)70411-2.